{"id":896,"date":"2026-10-12T09:03:25","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T01:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anchor-filter.com\/ammonium-bisulfate-catalyst-deactivation\/"},"modified":"2026-10-12T09:03:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T01:03:25","slug":"su-mat-hoat-tinh-cua-xuc-tac-amoni-bisulfat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anchor-filter.com\/vi\/ammonium-bisulfate-catalyst-deactivation\/","title":{"rendered":"Amoni Bisunfat (ABS): Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc x\u00fac t\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 amoni bisulfat trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DeNOx nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Amoni bisulfat (NH\u2084HSO\u2084, th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 ABS) h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o SO\u2083, amoniac ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 300 \u00b0C, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng gel d\u00ednh l\u00e0m t\u1eafc l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 che ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc g\u1ed1m x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y trong d\u1ea3i 170\u2013300 \u00b0C, ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m ngay trong kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ABS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ba bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00ean l\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ABS kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\"H\u00ecnh<\/figure>\n

Amoni Bisulfat H\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trioxit \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a SO\u2082 tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c trong pha kh\u00ed; amoniac \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 amoniac \u2014 ph\u1ea7n NH\u2083 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun v\u00e0o tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed NO n\u00e0o; n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. D\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 300 \u00b0C, ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh amoni bisulfat, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng gel v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n

Hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t gradient: tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ABS, mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao SCR nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf 300\u2013400 \u00b0C hi\u1ebfm khi g\u1eb7p n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 hai, amoniac l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 SO\u2083 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ABS. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng amoniac l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Sao ABS G\u00e2y H\u1ea1i B\u00ean Trong B\u1ed9 L\u1ecdc X\u00fac T\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

Trong b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc g\u1ed1m x\u00fac t\u00e1c, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5 ong, v\u00ec c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u1eeba l\u1ecdc v\u1eeba x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u2014 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eaft h\u1ea1t v\u1eabn >99,9% trong khi NOx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh. Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u03c6150 \u00d7 \u03c6110 \u00d7 3.000 mm v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh 20 mm, dung sai OD \u00b12 mm \/ chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u00b120 mm v\u00e0 >80%, ch\u1ea1y \u1edf v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c l\u1ecdc 2\u20135 cm\/s (\u22481,2\u20133,0 m\u00b3\/ph\u00fat m\u1ed7i m\u00b2) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u1edf 0,4\u20130,7 MPa trong 0,1\u20130,15 gi\u00e2y theo k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u00eanh \u00e1p. ABS l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng thu h\u1eb9p c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf 300 Pa t\u1ea1i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c m\u1eb7t 1 m\/ph\u00fat (s\u1ea1ch) leo d\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh d\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 900\u20131.500 Pa v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch xung th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gel ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t DeNOx gi\u1ea3m d\u00f9 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u00fac t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ch\u00eanh \u00e1p t\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed NOx gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1nh b\u1ee5i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecdc d\u00ednh gi\u1eef tro m\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, n\u00ean b\u00e1nh b\u1ee5i d\u00e0y l\u00ean, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u, ABS tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi tro bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp v\u1ecf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng xung kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u2014 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng \u1edf l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 amoniac t\u0103ng cho c\u00f9ng NOx \u0111\u1ea7u ra, v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi 270 \u00b0C \u2014 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thay v\u00ec thay x\u00fac t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t 1: H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf Chuy\u1ec3n H\u00f3a SO\u2082 Th\u00e0nh SO\u2083<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SO\u2083 trong b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ABS ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra SO\u2083. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vanadi l\u00e0 x\u00fac t\u00e1c DeNOx hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng oxy h\u00f3a SO\u2082, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vanadi. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: th\u00eam trioxit vonfram (WO\u2083) v\u00e0o x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf oxy h\u00f3a SO\u2082 trong khi duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh DeNOx, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a pha ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/figure>\n

T\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef SO\u2082 v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Gi\u1eef SO\u2082 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 mg\/m\u00b3 (\u0111ktc, kh\u00f4) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y dioxin t\u1ed1t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 99,5% (TEQ) \u2014 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thu nh\u1ecf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SO\u2083 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ABS. Phun b\u1ed9t ki\u1ec1m kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eddi \u0111i c\u00f9ng b\u00e1nh b\u1ee5i. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc s\u1ee3i g\u1ed1m x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/a> trang.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t 2: Gi\u1eef T\u1ef7 L\u1ec7 Mol Amoniac-tr\u00ean-NOx \u1ede 0,9\u20131,1<\/h2>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol amoniac-tr\u00ean-NOx (th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 NSR) l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 0,9\u20131,1 l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i gi\u1eef DeNOx cao trong khi gi\u1eef r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p. D\u01b0\u1edbi 0,9 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 NOx l\u1ea1i; tr\u00ean 1,1 amoniac d\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ABS \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. V\u00ec b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc x\u00fac t\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 170\u2013300 \u00b0C v\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u1edf 220\u2013260 \u00b0C, bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi SCR n\u00f3ng: c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i \u1edf 350 \u00b0C s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u1edf 230 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eef t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n